Evaluation Of The Lincoln Memorial - 944 Words

An Evaluation of the Lincoln Memorial in the context of America’s Historiography The end of Abraham Lincoln’s term as president mark the end of the first part of American history. Past the end of the American Revolution, America could turn from the worries of wartime to the betterment of its society, creation of a government, and establishment of its national identity. During America’s infancy, America was able to instate a stable and thriving economy, healthy interstate relations, and a legitimate and efficient national government. Most of the initial problems presented were solved early on and without much long term cost, except for the problem of slavery, which even the founders anticipated to die very slowly. Lincoln ushered the country through slavery s final death throes, which unfortunately included America’s Civil War. However, with Lincoln’s guidance, the country made it through in one piece, and finally transitioned into a whole new era of growth and prosperity. For this reason, the government of the United States wished to honour the progress of America as a nation, as well as the deeds committed by Lincoln in order to assist America through one of its darkest nights. So, the Lincoln Memorial was built to serve this purpose. Because of the great significance the statue held for the country, many were wary that the monument might set in stone a misinformed interpretation of Lincoln’s work and deeds, which would teach later generations and form future educationShow MoreRelatedMartin Luther King Jr: I Have a Dream Speech Critique Essay1251 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity Graduate Dr, Martin Luther King stood behind a podium. He established an immediate rapport with an ever changing audience and communicated on a meaningful level, by appealing to moral conscience of Americans standing on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial. He gave the rhetorical demands that racial justice no longer shall people be divided by race or religion. Although at the time it wasnt the case, it was a future vision that all people are created equal ( M.L.K.) The central Idea or purposeRead MoreThe Legacy Of Abraham Lincoln850 Words   |  4 PagesTitle Abraham Lincoln accomplished many things in his lifetime. Born in Hodgenville, Kentucky, Lincoln grew up on the western outskirts of Kentucky and Indiana. All throughout his childhood, Lincoln strained to learn and make a living as well. He never had any kind of formal education. Extensively self-educated, he became a lawyer in Illinois, a member of the Illinois House of Representatives, and a Whig Party leader. He was an exemplary politician, and was always looked upon for leadership becauseRead MoreEssay on The March on Washington - August 28, 19631344 Words   |  6 Pagesand the N.A.A.C.P. joined the organization of the march, they insisted against it. The march was originally going to be on Capitol Hill to influence congress, but because of a 1882 law against demonstrating there, they decided to march to the Lincoln Memorial and invite congress to meet them there, knowing that they would not. When planning the march, the organizers made sure that Washington D.C. was ready for anything so that the march could go on no matter the circumstances. Marchers were advisedRead MoreEssay Mlk Speech995 Words   |  4 Pagesa part of everyday news. On August 28, 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King a Civil Rights Leader delivered a speech at the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. This speech was given at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington D.C. 100 years after the signing of the Emancipation Proclamation by President Lincoln. The location is referred to as symbolic in Dr. Kings speech as he addresses the inequalities of the American Negro of the present day. When I first started reading this speech I felt itRead MoreThe War Of The Civil War1522 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerning slaves, enslavement and emancipation in the United States was divided. In 1861, Lincoln worried that premature attempts at emancipation would mean the loss of the border states, and that to lose Kentucky is nearly the same as to lose the whole game. Copperheads and some War Democrats opposed emancipation, although the latter eventually accepted it as part of total war needed to save the Union. At first, Lincoln reversed attempts at emancipation by Secretary of War Simon Cameron and Generals JohnRead MoreEssay On Research Based Instructional Resource1215 Words   |  5 Pages Evaluation of Research-based Instructional Resource W. Matthew Gentry, II Lincoln Memorial University â€Æ' Abstract Successmaker is an online research-based Response-To-Intervention. This paper is a critique of a 2012-13 study done by Gatti Evaluations Inc. The sample study covers eighteen schools from the Midwest and west coast. The schools implemented Successmaker for third and fifth grade interventions. The results showed that Successmaker improved reading and math deficiency areasRead MoreThe Birmingham Church Bombing861 Words   |  4 PagesChurch Bombing By: Chentel Hinton Chentel Hinton English 003 Research Paper Tuzah Garner M.Ed. Burmingham Church Bombing Even as the inspiring words of Martin Luther King Jr.’s famous â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech rang out from the Lincoln Memorial during the historic march on Washington in August of 1963; racial relations in the segregated South were marked by continued acts of violence and inequality. On September 15th a bomb exploded before Sunday Morning services at the 16th streetRead MoreRacial Discrimination : The World Has More Than 6 Billion People With A Diversity Of Human Races808 Words   |  4 Pageswhere there is a growing awareness of the need to be accountable to anti-racist People of Color. Transforming Values create an institutional environment that makes accountability to People of Color and other socially oppressed groups possible. The evaluation of racism makes clear the foremost dynamic of institutional racism: that institutions are not, and have in no way been, accountable to folks of color. What are wanted are new values that are outward oriented with an overarching bias toward effectivenessRead MoreWhy Horses Should Be Non Athletes1598 Words   |  7 Pagesand immunohistochemisrty. All physical exams performed between the start and week sixteen of the experiment will be performed by veterinarians that are blind to which group they are evaluating to reduce bias. This proposal will be presented to Lincoln Memorial University’s IACUC committee for approval and for creation of NSAID therapy, pain management, injury induction, and therapy protocols. Collection of Adipose Samples Adipose tissue samples will be surgically excised from the subcutaneous layerRead Moreladies and gents Essay1273 Words   |  6 Pagesrespect their elder people and also the younger in way they of dress, the way they talk and the was they handle issues; maturely (response of one female aged 20-65 years) 2. Men are intelligent, brave and exhibit understanding traits from time in memorial to date (response from 2 females and 1 male aged 65-above) 3. Men are stronger than women in terms of physical strength and the heart hardness (response of 2 adolescent females) 4. Women are married by men since our grandfathers married our grandmothers

How to find the Perfect Part Time Job 2019

Many college students want to work while still going to school. That typically means finding a part time job. Working a part time job means you can still pay the bills while getting an education. So if youre interested in knowing how to land the perfect part time gig – read on. 1. Figure out your schedule How can you know what kind of part time job to look for if you are not sure about your availability? You need to know this for yourself and also be able to articulate it to a potential employer. 2. Figure out how much money you need to make You also need to figure out much money you need to earn so you know what type of part time gig you need to look for. Not all part time jobs are minimum wage, in fact, some can be pretty lucrative – even without a college degree in hand. Just make sure you write down your schedule and take it with you when you start your job search. .u891e1dbd52a31293ae848ecf032a08a1 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u891e1dbd52a31293ae848ecf032a08a1:active, .u891e1dbd52a31293ae848ecf032a08a1:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u891e1dbd52a31293ae848ecf032a08a1 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u891e1dbd52a31293ae848ecf032a08a1 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u891e1dbd52a31293ae848ecf032a08a1 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u891e1dbd52a31293ae848ecf032a08a1:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ The American College of Healthcare Executives3. Look on the job boards You would be surprised at how many part time jobs are available on the major job search engines like Indeed and Monster. Some employers have a tough time filling part time jobs because most people are looking for full time employment. Looking on the job boards can save you a lot of time and effort. Take advantage of the internet! 4. Pound the pavement Good old fashioned hand-shaking never hurt. In fact, it can help you find a great part time job. Ask your friends and family. Also go to the organizations you would be interested in working for and tell them you are looking for part time work. Many companies do not openly advertise their part time positions. 5. Use your schools career office You might be able to find a part time paid internship. Now that is the perfect part time job! How does having a part time job that works around your school schedule and gives you relevant experience sound? Thats an internship in a nutshell. Your schools career office can help you land a part time job quickly and easily. They are professionals who are there to help you. .u2ebde8f89923d41c13f1d17256d49083 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u2ebde8f89923d41c13f1d17256d49083:active, .u2ebde8f89923d41c13f1d17256d49083:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u2ebde8f89923d41c13f1d17256d49083 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u2ebde8f89923d41c13f1d17256d49083 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u2ebde8f89923d41c13f1d17256d49083 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u2ebde8f89923d41c13f1d17256d49083:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Career in Sociology Potential Occupations for the Professional with a Sociology Degree6. Think outside of retail and restaurants Yes, these are the traditional part-time jobs, but times are changing. Many part time jobs can be done from home (think virtual assistant or customer service). These jobs can be found via sites like Odesk and Elance. Related ArticlesHow to Maximize your InternshipNonprofit Organization Jobs Work as a Grant Writer for a Nonprofit Agency10 Job Search Rules You Need to BreakInternational Business Associate Working Professionals Find Free Time for SchoolTop Internship Mistakes to AvoidWhich Nursing Schools Offer the Accelerated BSN Program

My Philosophy Of Teaching And Learning - 800 Words

My Philosophy of Teaching and Learning In regard to how I teach, I want students to discover facts, not just learn them by rote. Information Systems is an ideal field for such a teaching strategy. I live by the quote, â€Å"All things are common sense if taught well.† I think in my subject this is especially true. I work to be successful at teaching students how to discover information, they will have a more effective way of absorbing the background data and looking at new information when it is presented. I find ways to simplify difficult material in a manner that is usable and easy to remember. I believe that students can be excited about learning. I like to bring in examples of how the information that they are learning can play a part in the students’ lives. I want to get my students more involved in the teaching and learning process. I feel that there will always be a benefit to learning how to teach. Therefore, I intend to give students more opportunities to teach their fellow students the information that they are learning in my classes. Currently, I have been able to provide teaching opportunities in budgeting and finances at a local high school and a local middle school. I feel it is important to understand the skill or knowledge level that the students are bringing into the classroom. Due to my interest in utilizing current best practices I stay in contact with professionals in the field to ensure what is taught is important. I believe it is important forShow MoreRelatedMy Philosophy Of Teaching And Learning1123 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelop a philosophy of teaching and learning. Our philosophy drives our passion for teaching, influences our teaching styles, sets our core values, provides strength during challenges and constantly reminds us the importances of self development and learning. My philosophy is based upon my life experience, cultural values, interpersonal relationships, interest, studies and education background. I believe the core values of my philosophy will not change, however, refined and adjusted to meet my goalsRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching And Learning Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesMy philosophy of teaching is rather simple- teach how to multiply. But I do not only mean how to multiply numbers in mathematics. My philosophy of multiplication looks like teaching others to teach others how to teach others. As the saying goes, we are life-long learners. For this to be true, we must also mean that we are life-long teachers. To learn, we must be taught. We are all teachers and we are all learners, the only differing variable in this equation are the passions that guide our teachingRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching And Learning1603 Words   |  7 PagesWhen asked to write my philosophy of education down on paper, I began thinking how difficult it i s to tell someone my exact beliefs because I noticed such a variation in them. There are many things that factor into my philosophy, but throughout life, with new experiences come new beliefs. I have, however, compiled my beliefs about teaching and learning, students, knowledge, and what is worth knowing. These are the beliefs that have shaped me thus far as a student and through my experiences in workingRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching And Learning Essay2160 Words   |  9 PagesDescribe in detail your philosophy of teaching and learning and the theoretical basis for its development. Include examples of teaching and learning strategies to promote higher level thinking that align with your stated philosophy. The context for implementation of the strategies may be within your area of expertise. When I began my nursing career over fifteen years ago, I had a single goal in mind, to be good. I graduated from a program that boasted a consistent 100 percent passage rate on theRead MoreMy Philosophy Of Teaching And Learning Programs Essay1612 Words   |  7 PagesMy philosophy of teaching involves creating an environment that promotes student well being by welcoming open collaboration and participation, setting high expectations and developing positive, safe and respectful relationships with all members of the class.(Vrankovic, M, 2016). My learning philosophy is derived from the constructivist philosophy whereby students are active participants in their learning in order to be able to transfer information into new situations to promote deeper levels ofRead MoreEducation: The Expert Theory Essay1082 Words   |  5 PagesParamount to my teaching philosophy is building strong relationships with students. By illustrating that I care for their needs and desires, I hope to become approachable and produce a sense of belonging. In my opinion, students possess an innate need to belong to social groups, and the development of positive relationships is imperative to students’ satisfaction of this need. According to Dreikurs, ‘students can often appear to be complicated and confusing to their teachers, most of them simplyRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy Of Education1486 Words   |  6 PagesMy teaching philosophy of education is being able to recognise that all children learn in different and unique ways. I believe that all students should have a safe learning environment which enables them to grow physically, mentally, emotionally and socially. As a teacher, I aim to act as a guide for student learning and provide demonstrations and understanding to all students. More specifically as a physical education teacher, I aim to bring a positive and encouraging attitude to the students andRead MoreEssay about Personal Educational Philosophy1069 Words   |à ‚  5 PagesAbstract This paper is my personal educational philosophy statement. It represents my ideas and values about teaching and learning; it reveals my personal teaching beliefs and their relation to the five major established educational philosophies; it shows my role and responsibilities in educational process. I place great significance on personal style of instruction and its influence on curriculum implementation. The paper also highlights my career aspiration and orientation. Read MoreMy Personal Philosophy Of Teaching797 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosphy of Teaching The the purpose of this paper is to identify/describe and discuss my personal philosophy teaching. As I describe my theory of learning I will talk about experiences that have affected me. As well as identify areas of pedagogy that have influenced my personal philosophy. I will then describe how my philosophy teaching guide my teaching style. Personal Experinces My personal philosophy of teaching has its foundations in my experiences as a student. These experiences as aRead MoreMy Teaching Philosophy Of Education880 Words   |  4 PagesAccording to the Education Philosophy test that we took in class, my education philosophy matched with social reconstruction. Social Reconstructionist believes that systems must keep changing to improve human conditions. Also, emphasizes social questions and to create a better society. Social reconstructionist believe that you have to start over to make things better. While going through the PowerPoint that explained what social reconstitution is, in a deeper way, I came to the conclusion that social

Relationship Between Efficiency Wage Theory and Performance

Question: Discuss about the Relationship Between Efficiency Wage Theory and Performance. Answer: Introduction The paper examines the relationship between efficiency pay and performance and provide solutions that should be adopted by Australia to solve wage problems. The study focuses on the efficiency wages as well as the subjective performance in order to motivate workers in Australian labor market setting (Agell Bennmarker, 2007). The paper deeply reveals how turnover cost can be used to determine the optimal wage contract which in most cases is the integration of subjective performance and efficiency wages. According to various studies examined, it is quite evident that when Australian labor market is experiencing high turnover costs they tend to use more subjective pay as well as less efficiency wages. When the Australian market is experiencing such turnovers wage payment is always lower and employment equilibrium rises higher than normal. The paper is organized into two parts in which part one of the content describes efficiency wage theories and various models making it up. It further lay strong foundations on the theory implications of the theory and its models in labor market (Agell Lundborg, 2013). The second part of the discussion analyses various empirical evidence and end with a conclusion drawn efficiency wage models and sub models. Efficiency wage theory The efficiency wage theory according to various sources indicates that the productivity of an employee in every organization is directly dependent on the provided wages. The theory further elucidates some mechanisms which provide elaborations on the relationship between efficiency wage and performance. Efficiency wage theory also provides various mechanisms known as models which explain the dependence of wages and performance. Efficiency wage theory therefore from the explanations maintains that firms in Australia should pay their employees a wage that is above normal rate prevailing in the labor market. According to the economic literature, the theory only applies in a market clearing wage where labor supply is at the normal rate with labor demand. In such market as revealed by various economists, labor supply proceeding the normal rate leads to unemployment while excess labor demand by firms leads to labor insufficiency. According to normal economics a clearing market is at an equilibrium with natural unemployment. Since the market is at equilibrium firm owners and managers therefore apply efficiency wage theory in order to increases performance or labor productivity (Akerlof Yellen, 2016). Application of efficiency wage theory as already mentioned in the introduction above increases worker productivity and reduces turnover. The main idea behind efficiency wage is to increase labor productivity. The idea can be confirmed with the application of basic economics as discussed during the lessons. The relationship between efficiency wage and performance can be justified in a simple supply demand curve. As normal demand supply curve illustrates higher supply at higher prices so as the higher the wage the higher the productivity of an employee (Campbell Kamlani, 2007). In a normal life situation, an employee of a given organization will always tend to put on more effort at higher compensation. For instance, a worker being paid a higher wage rate will work longer hours compared to a worker being paid at the normal labor market prices. A worker which is being given a compensation higher than the normal will also put more effort and worker harder. On the other hand, an employee being given less payments will tend to work as per the pay (Campbell Kamlani, 2007). The graph below illustrates the idea behind the higher you work the higher one gets paid. The graph has organized inform of a labor supply curve to indicate how efficiency wage relates to performance. The x axis indicates labor in hours while the Y axis indicates wage offered. The above graph indicates the effect of price increase on the willingness an employee is willing to work. With an increase of the wage from the minimum wage of $100 to $200 for every five hours of work done, an employee is willing to add extra three hours due to the increase in the pay. It is therefore evident from the above with higher compensation a worker will work harder therefore justifying the efficiency wage theory of the higher the wage the higher the productivity or performance Efficiency wage theory models The efficiency wage models give an assertion that labor productivity of employees in any given firm correlates positively with the amount of compensation they receive. This model can be explained through various theories or sub models. These theories give reasons as to why firms in Australia should continue applying the idea of efficiency wage. The first model explaining the reason why Australian firms should adopt efficiency wage theory is the shirking model. The theory of shirking models states that when an employee is being given a wage above the normal wage he or she becomes afraid of losing the job to another person since the cost of losing a job at higher wages is high. Workers therefore at higher compensations do not shirk and risk being relieved of their duties. Higher wages as a result of acts as an incentive in this case. Another reason why firms are advised to apply the theory of efficiency wage can be seen through the model known as the gift exchange model. In most of the occasions workers tend to view high wages as a gift from the employer firms. With this kind of perception, a higher percentage of workers show hard work as way of returning this gift to the employers. It is therefore clear that in the process of retuning the gift to the employers, the workers rate of performance increases. Workers will also work hard when they perceive their employer as fair. When employees are paid above the normal Australian job market pay rate they tend to view higher payment in terms of fairness therefore working harder. On the other hand, when workers are paid wages under the amount they view to be fair they will the same apply less efforts at work. This model is known as fair wage effort mode relating efficiency wage performance with fairness and performance. The relationship between efficiency wage and labor performance can also be explained through a turnover model as already mentioned (Krueger Summers, 2008). The turnover models explain that if efficiency wage theory is adopted in Australia firms will be saved from the cost of training new workers every time. This is because if workers are paid high wages there are low chances of employees leaving one firm to another or quitting their jobs thus no need for new workers as already employed workers maintain their jobs. Adverse selection model is another model supporting the theory of efficiency wage. This model states that when employees are compensated with a wage thats is above the prevailing job market equilibrium wage, attention of more workers are drawn towards the firm. In other word this theory explains that efficiency wages attract diverse skills enabling the firm to select workers from available bigger pool (Nickell, 2009). This always happens when more diverse workers are drawn to the gates of the well-paying firm. The firm therefore enjoy the advantage of selecting bets workers from the bigger labor pool. It is therefore important for firms in Australia to employ efficiency wage to enjoy better performance and high labor productivity. On the other hand, application of efficiency wage may result into several implications and consequences. Even though the efficiency wage theory has proved to have several advantages, it can also be viewed in another perspective (Layard, Nickell, Jackman, 2015). According to a research conducted on New York City taxi drivers, it was noticed that most of them left job after the payment. This kind of behavior indicates the disadvantage of efficiency wage theory. Drawing illustrations from the taxi drivers research in New York, it is evident that some employees may not show hard work after higher pay. Another implication of efficiency wage theory may be seen where the rate of cost of production does not much the profit. In a case where a firm is paying wages that is higher than the economic equilibrium (Wadhwani Wall, 2011). The higher payment is only worthy when the magnitude of employees productivity matches or actually higher than the cost of production. Another consequence of efficiency wage to the Australian economy may be unemployment. Application of efficiency wage always results into large labor queues at the gates of high paying firms resulting into involuntary unemployment (Nickell, 2009). Irrespective of many people looking for jobs as a result of high payment, firms tend to limit the number of employs in order to avoid accelerating cost of production. Efficiency wage therefore results into unemployment as mentioned since firms conduct rationing of employees in order to ensure that marginal cost of production is similar or higher that the productivity marginal. Part Two Empirical Evidence Various studies have been conducted concerning efficiency wage where some criticize the theory while others support it. The main problem of efficiency wage theory is mostly as a result of methodologies or alternative models used. There are several factors which play major roles as variables in the theory models which does not make sense. It close to impossible measuring abstract notions such as fairness and gratitude. Other factors which cannot be measured in the efficiency wage models includes effort as well as asymmetry information (Wadhwani, Wall, 2011). A lot of information concerning performance can be explained by other models better compared efficiency wage theory. The study conducted by various writers suggest the relevancy and effectiveness various models or theories used to explain efficiency theory. According to various studies, these models may have a different meaning in the real world. These discussions in the current study have been linked to above discussed models in relations to efficiency theory. Shirking model in real world situation The study conducted by George Borjas in support of shirking model conducted in a manufacturing industry in the United States of America can be criticized in the real world. The study indicated that some workers were laid off as a result of shirking. He indicated in his studies that the dismissal of workers from the company was as disciplinary action since they dismissed workers were shirking (Campbell Kamlani, 2007). In contrary to the study of George, other studies like that of Polachek and Siebet justify that most firms are reluctant firing shirking workers. Gift exchange model According to the study of Agell and Lunborg which gives assertion that efforts related to work hinges on a higher rate compared to several firms ability lay lethal economic related penalties. The idea behind this study was supported by several readers who responded to Campbell and Kamanis study (Akerlof Yellen, 2016). The model therefore cannot be justified in the normal world situation and does not explain psychological integration between managers of firms and workers. Most of the respondents to the study of Campbell study suggested that most relevant gift to employers than wages is the adverse labor selection. It is difficult in the normal world for employers to incur extra cost on wages as motivation as it may bring complications with the workers unions. The turnover model in relation to real world situation In the real world situation, employers always deduct training cost from employees compensation after they are employed (Agell Lundborg, 2013). Therefore, most of the employers will tend not lay much concern on training cost. Both literatures from the studies of Campbell and Kamlani as well as that of Agell and Lundborg provides the confirmation that most employers retain their employees based on human capital rather than training cost. Fair wage effort theory Most of the workers in the real world always view cuts laid on the salaries as unfair but not the less wage they receive. Drawing illustration from C-K it is justifiable that cut on salaries means a lot unfairness than low wages (Agell, Bennmarker, 2007). Moreover, it is unfair for employers to give more wages compared to labor output. Viewing the situation in another perspective, the study done by Lundborg and Agell substantiate the idea of fairness in relation to firms. Conclusion It evident from the part to of the study that most studies lay support on efficiency wage theory application. They also tend to pin point various unclear ideas behind efficiency wage theory in relation to performance. Furthermore, various sub-models indicates various problems as most of the variables cannot be closely observed. It is therefore evident that efficiency wage theory is polycausal rather than monocausal compared to unionization. It is therefore clear that in most cases the models cannot explain the relationship between wage and performance. Drawing conclusions from the current study the Australian state policies makers should closely view the implications and consequences of efficiency wage theory. Efficiency theory models and hypotheses can be considered to be non-satisfactory since several variables used are not observable thus policy makers should not bank in the theory. References Agell, J., Bennmarker, H. (2007). Wage incentives and wage rigidity: A representative view from within. labour economics, 14(3), 347-369. Agell, J., Lundborg, P. (2013). Survey evidence on wage rigidity and unemployment: Sweden in the 1990s. The Scandinavian Journal of Economics, 105(1), 15-30. Akerlof, G. A., Yellen, J. L. (2016). Efficiency wage models of the labor market. Cambridge University Press. Campbell, C. M., Kamlani, K. S. (2007). The reasons for wage rigidity: evidence from a survey of firms. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 112(3), 759-789. Clark, A. E., Oswald, A. J. (2006). Satisfaction and comparison income. Journal of public economics, 61(3), 359-381. Fehr, E., Tyran, J. R. (2007). Money illusion and coordination failure. Games and Economic Behavior, 58(2), 246-268. Krueger, A. B., Summers, L. H. (2008). Efficiency wages and the inter-industry wage structure. Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society, 259-293. Layard, P. R. G., Nickell, S. J., Jackman, R. (2015). Unemployment: macroeconomic performance and the labour market. Oxford University Press on Demand. Nickell, S. (2009). Product markets and labour markets. Labour Economics, 6(1), 1-20. Wadhwani, S. B., Wall, M. (2011). A direct test of the efficiency wage model using UK micro-data. Oxford Economic Papers, 43(4), 529-548.